Monday, May 7, 2012

"POST MODERNISM & INTERPRETER OF MALADIES" by JHUMPA LAHIRI

     
   After reading and observing the human conditions represented in our short story Interpreter of Maladies, I did a lot of research to look further into this concept we have been discussing involving post-modernism. Not many people have a concrete answer to what this idea of a post-modern world is, nor can you easily define this notion yourself. Little things such as the way Mr. and Mrs. Das react to their children’s actions shows somewhat of a post-modern world in that they will just let their children do whatever they please, such as messing with the locks in the back seat when Mr. Kapasi purposely adjusted them safely. Also how Mrs. Das cheated on her husband with his own friend, which is a terrible act seen more and more throughout a post-modern world, and also seen in recent pieces of literature we have read. However one thing really stood out to me while reading this story.

   Mr. Kapasi is extremely vulnerable to his own imagination, and as we used earlier in this semester, the theme of Fantasy over reality. This extremely descriptive fantasy takes over his thought process from the moment Mrs. Das compliments what he thought to be a "thankless job", to the conversation held on page 62 when Mrs. Das begins spilling her deepest darkest secret revealing the truth behind her depression. Considering the significance of Kapsi’s imagination expressed in class, I did research to better understand the differences between the human conditions in a modern world to a post-modern world. The answer I found was very insightful in how I see the world today, and in the psychological approach people use to arouse their fantasies.

   In a post-modern world, people believe heavily into myth, or this so called fantasy. For example if you are hearbroken over a significant other, you may go on believing your next love will be with a model with a ton of money and support you and you will live happily ever after. When you take a look back to modernism, one’s self is more psychologically concerned with truths, and tangible entities. Although Mrs. Das gave him an exemplary compliment, he had no means to overthink her intentions to the extent in which he did. From the gap between the compliments to the confession, Mr. Kapasi is so busy obsessing over Mrs. Das and their future relations. In a more modern piece of literature Lahiri probably would have just let their tour continue without a detailed self-conscious thought process registering through Kapasi. However, considering this is a piece reflecting a post-modern world, he begins to let his imagination grow, and this fantasy become his reality and changes his perspective of his tour. He begins to take more notice of Mrs. Das, as seen when she is being sang a popular Hindu love song. Lahiri even goes on in the next paragraoh to say "he observed her" (page 46). It isn’t until Mrs. Das confesses to Mrs. Kapasi the tragic fate of her emotions that he begins to let himself slip back into reality. I believe in this generation, as seen through my eyes, people will do whatever it takes and believe whatever they wish to believe, to numb their internal pain. Considering the tragic fate of Kapasi’s son, his wife’s lack of acknowledgment, and his own recognition of failure, Mr. Kapasi let himself fall to the very same patterns we as a post-modern world conduct today. To believe in what we wish, just to realize in the end, what you thought to be so great, and what you wished so much for, is not necessarily what you are going to get.

"IT'S ALL AN ILLUSION" & A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE BY TENNESSEE WILLIAMS

  

   In order to define this quote properly, I believe it is absolutely necessary to have a full understanding of the characters throughout the play. Stella, who says towards the end of the play "I couldn't go on believing her story and live with Stanley", has gone through quite a lot between hearing the malicious rumors of her sister at the "Flamingo", and Stanley physically and verbally abusing her. Stella is in a very difficult situation, especially considering she just gave birth to Stanley's child. If she chooses to believe Blanche, who has already deceived her numerous times since her stay in New Orleans, than she loses Stanley and the provider of her and her baby. But what does she come out with? A Manipulative sister who has gone completely insane and could be no good to her and the baby. I wouldn't be surprised if Stella is just so terrified of what became of her sister that leaving Stanley and being alone would drive her to the same level as Blanche.

  
   The best way I know to explain this situation is from personal experience. Almost a very similar story to what we have seen in A Streetcar Named Desire. While I was away at my SUNY Delhi my sister, who was a young single mother, called me telling me she was pregnant again. She was so torn between what decision she would have to make considering she was not to certain about the father to be. To make a long story short my sister committed to her responsibilities and although she doubted highly at first how this man she was with would take the responsibilities, she let herself into believing it was meant to be and perfect. She gave birth to twins in March 2009, and the babies father ran. Under the most severe situations, when you feel almost hopeless, your mind will let you believe whatever helps you get through the day. My sister knowing and thinking clearly at first did not have faith in this man to hold to his word and to man up to what was to come. However, mentally broken down similar to Stella, she let herself become blind to the truth.

  
   Nobody is perfect and we all make mistakes, and we can all let ourselves believe in false truths due to mental instability. The only problem is how long do you really expect everything to seem like a Disney Movie all perfect and everybody getting their "happy ending". If they made a sequel to this play I'm extremely curious just how Stella and Stanley turned out. Maybe she allowed herself to fall so far into this Illusion that it became her reality. I just feel that eventually, as proven in my sisters case, the truth will come out!

WRITTEN LAW vs. MORAL LAW

  
   Antigone plays, what I believe to be, an extremely proud and independent female in this play. She is not like her sister who is somewhat uncertain and confused about the situation going on with her un-buried sibling. Antigone knows what she must do not only for the gods to accept him into the afterlife, but to be at peace with herself. It is a great representation repaying the love her brother has always shown her, demonstrated on page 1132 of Antigone by Sophocles (Antigone 83-84) "I shall lie by his side, loving him as he loved me." Antigone is heart-broken over the loss of her brother who has definitely had a positive impact in her life. She not only feels obligated to bury Polyneices for his sake, but for her to come to peace with losing her brother.
  
   (Antigone 79-85) "I would not urge you now; nor if you wanted to act would I be glad to have you with me. Be as you choose to be; but for myself I myself will bury him. It will be good to die, so doing. I shall lie by his side, loving him as he loved me; I shall be a criminal but a religious one." This is a very passionate quote from Antigone and one that clearly defines her actions to go against King Creon’s rule to leave the defeated body of Polyneices to decay and be nothing more than food for birds and dogs. She admits her acts are one of a criminal, but also acts of a religious person. It is almost an action against civilization to allow a former Theban to just lay dead in the streets to rot away and never be touched or given the proper burial. The gods, and religion, where such a key factor in these ancient civilizations and some believe, a certain ritual must be performed in order to enter the afterlife. Antigone makes this defense on page 1142 (Antigone 496-498) “I did not believe your proclamation had such power to enable one who will someday die to override God’s ordinances, unwritten and secure." Antigone is calling out Creon for doing the work only a God should be capable of, and that in death no man should have to right to deny another man the right of a proper burial. So in a sense Antigone is acting for the God’s and doing the morally correct thing. To add to her decision to go against Creon, she also is not ashamed of what she is doing but proud of it. (Antigone 99) "Oh, oh, no! shout it out." Antigone says to her sister Ismene when the sisters have their first argument in the play. Knowing the penalty is death yet willing to take full responsibility and to let everybody know, shows her passion for what she is doing. Antigone shows a lot of passion and dedication throughout the play to her brother, regardless of his actions against Thebes.
  
   This play demonstrates a clear example of "written law" versus "moral law". It is made clear the penalty of removing the dead body, so the written law is set. The idea Antigone is willing to go against this law for more moral reasons can make a great argument of who is right and who is wrong! I believe there is no simple answer for this but the actions of Antigone and the way she goes about it, not trying to hide the truth, shows great bravery and dedication to her family and the God’s.